CPAP Therapy Treatment and Tips
How to stop snoring
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disordered breathing. It occurs when your throat relaxes and your airway narrows, restricting airflow to your lungs. Your brain responds by waking you up to breathe. This cycle can happen multiple times during the night, preventing you from getting restful sleep and potentially leading to other, more serious health conditions.
Across the world, sleep apnea affects over 1 billion people of all shapes, sizes, genders and ages.1 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of this disorder. However, central sleep apnea (CSA) is a less common type of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain doesn’t send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing during sleep. CSA is a neurological disorder that affects the parts of your body that control how you move, think and feel.2 OSA is a physiological condition, which means it affects how your body works–such as how your heart beats or how your lungs work. While a sleep specialist can confirm which type of sleep apnea you have, the treatment they prescribe will differ depending on your diagnosis.
Dragging yourself through the day? Excessive daytime sleepiness may be just one obstructive sleep apnea symptom. Here are others to look out for:
Snoring is one of the most common symptoms of sleep apnea. It occurs when your neck muscles relax and your throat partly closes and becomes narrow, causing a vibration sound.
A lack of restful sleep can make it hard to get through the day. If you find yourself nodding off or feeling unnaturally tired despite thinking you slept well, you may be experiencing a symptom of OSA.
35% of people living with OSA have symptoms of depression.4 Depression and anxiety may signal a problem with sleep.
If you wake up regularly with morning headaches, it could be a sign that you’re not getting enough oxygen during the night. During apneas, when you temporarily stop breathing, your blood oxygen levels can drop, which may lead to headaches in the morning.
Like headaches, apneas can also lead to high blood pressure. When you stop breathing during apneas, your body releases chemicals to wake you up. This can cause your heart rate and blood pressure to spike.
Do you find yourself waking up with a dry mouth? This could mean you were snoring or breathing through your mouth while sleeping, which could indicate your airway was obstructed.
Sleep deprivation due to apneas can lead to reduced sleep quality, which may make it difficult to focus or remember things during the day. Our brains and bodies need quality sleep to perform their best.
Ever wonder why you feel exhausted in the morning even though you’re sure you got enough sleep? One of the reasons may be sleep apnea, which disrupts your circadian rhythm. This prevents you from getting the quality sleep you need to feel rested.
Insomnia can be an unexpected symptom of OSA.4 When you repeatedly wake up from apneas, it can be difficult to achieve quality sleep. This can lead to a frustrating cycle of not being able to sleep because you’re worried about not sleeping or being jolted awake by apneas. Trouble sleeping is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea and 35% of people with insomnia have OSA.5
Men with OSA may experience sexual issues due to the repeated drop in oxygen levels throughout the night, which can cause testosterone levels to go down.6
Severe obstructive sleep apnea means you have an AHI > 30.6 Prolonged, untreated OSA can heighten symptoms like depression and exhaustion, as well as contribute to more severe and potentially life-threatening conditions. When left untreated, OSA can lead to an increased risk of stroke and heart disease, along with insulin resistance that can lead to Type 2 diabetes. In some instances, obstructive sleep apnea’s impact on your ability to focus and stay alert can even increase your risk of being involved in a car accident. Therefore, severe, untreated OSA can significantly decrease your quality of life and take a long-term toll on your health.1
People may develop OSA for different reasons.7 There are many lifestyle choices that can put you at risk for developing OSA, including smoking, having excess weight or obesity, taking narcotics and frequently drinking alcohol. Physical factors can also lead to a sleep apnea diagnosis. Enlarged tonsils or adenoids, a receding chin or a deviated septum can all cause symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
No one is immune from developing sleep apnea, which is why it’s important to pay attention if you’re experiencing symptoms that could be related to a sleep disorder. The following risk factors may increase your chances of developing obstructive sleep apnea:
Excess weight can lead to fat deposits in the upper airway tract, which can cause the airway to narrow while sleeping. Doctors often recommend losing weight in a healthy and sustainable way as part of the treatment for OSA.8,9
As we get older, our brain’s ability to control our throat muscles may decrease. This can cause the upper airway to partially collapse during the night. The prevalence of sleep apnea is higher in people over 65 years.10
While the exact reasons are not known, men are more likely to develop OSA. This could be due to hormones, the anatomy of the upper airway, ageing or even differences in obesity.11
Smoking can cause the upper airway to become inflamed, causing it to narrow and partially close while sleeping.12
Alcohol and sedatives can slow your breathing down and cause your throat muscles to relax to the point where your airway partially closes while you are asleep.12
Not surprisingly, if you suffer from allergies or nasal congestion, it can be harder to breathe at night. Without medications, you may experience obstructive sleep apnea symptoms.12
Some people may simply be predisposed to developing OSA due to their anatomy. Anatomical factors could include a large tongue, large tonsils or an abnormal bone structure in the upper jaw, lower jaw, face or skull.
Untreated OSA poses significant long-term health risks for people of all ages and genders. These include1:
Without proper diagnosis and treatment, OSA disrupts more than just your sleep. It can also dramatically impact your health and turn into a life-threatening condition.
If you suspect you have OSA, it’s important to take charge of your health and get a professional diagnosis. Your doctor can put you on the right path to treatment, so you can start enjoying life again. If left untreated, OSA can have a negative impact on your everyday activities, contributing to chronic fatigue, memory problems and an increased risk of auto accidents. What may seem like a minor problem at first may quickly become a major risk to your health and safety.
The two most common ways to diagnose OSA are either an in-lab polysomnography or a home sleep test.
On the road to a confirmed sleep apnea diagnosis, you’ll work with various medical professionals to help you uncover the mystery behind your sleeping patterns. Your primary care provider will look at your current and prior medical history before referring you to a sleep specialist. These specialists will run diagnostic tests. If you have sleep apnea, they’ll assist with creating a treatment plan to help you breathe, sleep and live better. Early detection and diagnosis can help you better manage your sleep apnea symptoms and get the treatment you need for a more restful sleep.
While sleep apnea is a serious medical condition, the good news is that it’s treatable. Your doctor can discuss treatment options with you based on the type and severity of your condition.8
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is considered highly effective and one of the most widely used ways to treat obstructive sleep apnea. The most common form of PAP therapy is continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP. The CPAP device delivers a consistent and continuous level of pressurised air through a tube and mask to keep your airway open while you sleep. This continuous flow of air is delivered to your airway and helps prevent the stops and pauses in overnight breathing that sleep apnea can cause.
Unfortunately, some people cannot tolerate the consistent and continuous level of pressure delivered with CPAP therapy, so alternative treatments may be discussed. One option is automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy, which allows the level of delivered air to adjust based on the person’s needs and only delivers the amount of pressure needed at any given moment.
Another option is a bilevel PAP device, which is a type of PAP that delivers two different pressure levels—one for inhaling and one for exhaling.
Some people who need alternative types of PAP therapy may have central sleep apnea, a form of sleep apnea in which the brain fails to send a signal to the body to breathe.
Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes to help manage your obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. This could include weight loss, cutting down on alcohol or giving up smoking.
While CPAP therapy remains the gold standard for treating mild to moderate sleep apnea, your doctor may offer oral appliance therapy as another option. An oral appliance, or a mandibular repositioning device (MRD), holds your lower jaw in a forward position to help keep the airway open and reduce snoring.
Your doctor may look at your medications to try and determine if they’re contributing to your sleep apnea symptoms. Certain medications can worsen sleep apnea symptoms by causing the airway to relax and narrow. These may include antihistamines, opiates and benzodiazepines for anxiety.
Allergies and chronic nasal congestion may cause blood vessels in your nose to swell and your airway too narrow. Your doctor might prescribe decongestants to help alleviate symptoms.
While there are surgeries available to help with obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, less invasive treatments are usually the first line of defence. The most common surgery performed in the United States is Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). During this procedure, surgeons remove extra tissue in the throat to open the upper airway.
Other less common surgical options include surgery to remove the tonsils or adenoids, nasal surgery to fix a crooked or deviated septum, jaw surgery to change the position of the jaw, or somnoplasty, which uses radiofrequency to shrink the tissue in the upper airway.
Hypoglossal nerve stimulator therapy (HGNS) is for people with moderate to severe sleep apnea who have failed on CPAP.
First and foremost, the best way to manage your OSA is to follow the treatment recommendations from your doctor. Every person’s treatment plan will look a little different. It may include making lifestyle changes, using a CPAP machine at night or other therapeutic measures. Potential lifestyle changes your doctor may recommend to alleviate symptoms of OSA include weight loss, exercise, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and sleeping on your side or abdomen instead of on your back. If you have OSA, the first step to sleeping better is a diagnosis. You’ll be thankful you took those steps when you see the difference!
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